Syllabus of MIS Officer Admin level 6 Examination of Agricultural Development bank Limited Detailed Overview:

Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. MIS Officer Syllabus

The Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADB) in Nepal is hiring for the position of MIS Officer. The selection process consists of two main stages: a written examination and an interview. Below is a breakdown of the exam syllabus and structure for the position.

Stage 1: Written Examination (First Paper)

The written examination for the MIS Officer position is the first stage of the selection process. It consists of 100 total marks, with 40 marks required to pass. The exam is divided into four key subjects: Management, Banking, Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL), and Constitution & Laws.

• Management (30 marks):

  • 3 questions (10 marks each)

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

• Banking (30 marks):

  • 2 questions (10 marks each)

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

• ADBL (Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.) (20 marks):

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

  • 1 question (10 marks)

• Constitution & Laws (20 marks):

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

  • 1 question (10 marks)

The questions will be a mix of short-answer and long-answer types, designed to assess your understanding of each subject.

Stage 2: Written Examination (Second Paper)

The second paper in the written exam focuses on Core Computer Science Concepts. It also carries a total of 100 marks, with 40 marks required to pass. This paper covers topics such as Databases, Computation, Compilers, and Graphics.

• Short-Answer Questions (20 marks):

  • 4 questions (5 marks each)

• Long-Answer Questions (80 marks):

  • 8 questions (10 marks each)

This stage tests your technical knowledge in computer science and related fields.

Stage 3: Interview

The final stage is the interview, which carries 30 marks. It will be an oral examination, focusing on your subject knowledge, problem-solving skills, and ability to communicate effectively. There is no time limit for the interview.

Key Information

• The first paper and second paper are each independently graded, with a pass mark of 40 in each.

• The exam will be conducted in Nepali, English, or both languages.

• Each paper will have separate answer sheets for different sections. Make sure to write your answers in the correct sheet for each section.

• Only candidates who pass the first stage (written exam) will be eligible to attend the interview.

First Paper Syllabus:

The first paper of the Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADB) exam for the MIS Officer position focuses on Management, Banking, ADBL, and Laws. Here’s a breakdown of the syllabus for the first paper, which is worth 100 marks in total, with 40 marks required to pass.

Section A: Management And Human Resources (30 Marks):

1. Management and Human Resource

   • Concept, Principles, and Functions of Management
     Understanding the core principles of management, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

   • Difference between Management and Administration
     Key distinctions between management and administrative roles.

   • Emerging Concepts and Issues of Management
     Modern-day management concepts and their evolving challenges.

   • Controlling, Coordination, and Supervision
     How to manage operations and teams effectively, ensuring coordination.

   • Managerial Quality and Skills
     Key skills required for managers to succeed in their roles.

   • Different Levels of Management and Role of Manager
     Understanding the structure of management, from lower-level to top-level roles.

   • Leadership: Concept, Types, Qualities, and Contemporary Issues
     Explore various leadership styles and contemporary challenges in leadership.

   • Knowledge Management, Time Management, Stress Management, Conflict Management
     Techniques for managing resources, time, stress, and resolving conflicts.

   • Reporting, Monitoring, Supervision, and Inspection
     Methods for managing performance through reporting and supervision.

Human Resource Management:

2. Concept and Process of Human Resource Management
   Understanding the role of HR and the processes involved in managing human resources.

3. Mindsets, Attitude, and Aptitude Management
   Approaches for improving mindset, attitude, and overall work performance.

4. Performance Appraisal, Recognition, Reward, and Punishment System
   Techniques for evaluating employee performance and systems of rewards and punishments.

5. Job Satisfaction, Job Rotation, and Transfer
   Concepts related to improving employee satisfaction and strategies like job rotation.

6. Employee Motivation: Concept, Types, Theories, Tools, and Techniques
   Understanding what drives employee motivation and how to apply different motivational theories.

7. Career Path and Succession Plan
   Strategies for developing employees' career paths and ensuring a smooth succession plan.

8. Training, Learning, Development, Capacity Building, Skill Enhancement
   Methods to enhance employee skills through training and development programs.

9. Recruitment, Socialization, and Retirement
   The HR process from recruitment to retirement, including employee socialization practices.

10. Contemporary Challenges, Issues, and HR Practices
    Examining modern HR challenges and best practices in the industry.

11. Human Resource Information System (HRIS)
    The role of technology in HR management through systems like HRIS.

Quality Management:

3. Total Quality Management (TQM) Techniques
   An introduction to TQM and techniques for ensuring quality in all aspects of business.

4. Quality Circle
   The importance of group-based decision-making to enhance quality.

5. Six Sigma
   A focus on Six Sigma methodologies for process improvement.

6. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
   Standards and certifications for maintaining quality.

7. Factors Affecting Quality
   External and internal factors that influence the overall quality of products and services.

8. Benchmarking and Quality Assurance Techniques
   Using benchmarking for setting quality standards and assurance processes.

Strategic Management:

4. Strategic Planning Framework
   Introduction to strategic planning, including setting long-term goals.

5. Environmental Scanning
   Techniques for scanning the business environment to assess opportunities and threats.

6. Strategy Implementation
   How to put strategic plans into action effectively.

7. Strategy Evaluation
   Methods for evaluating the success of a strategy and making adjustments.

8. SWOT Analysis
   A key tool for assessing a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Decision Making and Problem Solving:

5. Decision Making: Concept, Types, Processes, Issues, and Challenges
   A look at decision-making concepts, the types of decisions, and the challenges involved.

6. Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making
   How emotional intelligence influences decision-making and leadership.

7. Quantitative Tools for Decision Making
   Using numbers and data to support decision-making.

8. Techniques for Stimulating Creativity
   Methods for encouraging creative problem-solving in teams.

9. Intuition/Hunch Driven Decision vs. Data/Logic Driven Decision
   A comparison between intuition-based and data-driven decision-making processes.

   Section B: Banking (30 Marks):

   Banking

   • History, Development and Present Scenario of Banking System in Nepal

   • Achievements, Issues and Opportunities of Banking Industry in Nepal

   • Types and Classification of Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs)

   • Role and Functions of Central Bank and Commercial Banks

   • FinTech and Digital Banking: Types, Opportunities, Challenges and Risk

   • Financial Access, Digital/Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion

   • Alternative Delivery Channel (ADCs) in Banking: Concept, Types and Issues

   • Shadow Banking and its Impact to Economy

   • Bank Marketing: Concept, Banking Products and Services, Target Customer Segments and Strategic Marketing Approaches

   • Banking Crimes, Fraud and Prevention

   Modern Banking Services

   • Letter of Credit: Concept, Types, Process, Risk and Issues

   • Bank Guarantee: Concept, Types, Process, Risk and Issues

   • Treasury and Cash Management; Concept, Instruments, Associated Risk and Opportunities

   • Remittance: Concept and Economic Impact

   • e-Banking: Types and Importance

   • Any Branch Banking System (ABBS)

   • Mobile Banking, Internet Banking

   • Digital Wallet

   • Paperless Banking

   • ATM, Debit Card, Credit Card, Visa Card, Dollar Card, Prepaid Card

   • POS, QR based Payment

   • C-ASBA, DEMAT

   • e-Commerce

   Section C: Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL) – 20 Marks

   • Institutional framework and overview of Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)

   • Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.: Historical Development, Achievement, Vision, Mission, Objectives, Working Culture and Nature

   • ADBL: Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

   • Existing organizational structure of ADBL

   • Contribution, Role, Potentialities and Challenges of the ADBL in the Development of Nepal's Economic (Agriculture, Rural, and Banking) Sector

   • Current Status and Progress of ADBL

   • Core Banking System (CBS)

   • ADBL as an Agriculture-lead Bank: Agricultural Financing, Scope, Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

   • Institutional Linkage of ADBL (National and International)

Constitution and Laws

• The Constitution of Nepal

• Company Act, 2063

• Bank and Financial Institutions Act, 2073

• Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058

• Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064

• Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act, 2064 and Regulation 2073

• The Act on Recovery of Debts of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2058 and Regulation 2059

• Electronic Transactions Act, 2063

• ADBL Employee Bylaws, 2062

Second Paper:Core Computer Science Concepts (50 Marks)

Section (A):

1.Computer Networks

• Protocol stack, switching

• Link Layer: services, error detection and correction, multiple access protocols, LAN addressing and ARP, Ethernet, CSMA/CD, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Wireless LANs, PPP, Wide area protocols

• Network Layer: services, datagram and virtual circuits, routing principles and algorithms, IP, IP addressing, fragmentation and assembly, ICMP, routing (RIP, OSPF), router internals, IPv6

• Transport Layer: principles, multiplexing and demultiplexing, UDP, TCP, flow control, congestion control

• Application Layer: Web and Web caching, FTP, Email, DNS, socket programming

• Distributed system, Clusters, Network Security, Disaster Recovery, Data Storage Techniques (Clustering, NAS, SAN)

2.Structured and Object-Oriented Programming

• Data types, ADT

• Operators, variables and assignments, control structures, procedures/functions

• Class definitions, encapsulation, inheritance, object composition, polymorphism

• Pattern and framework

• Programming with C, C++, Java

3.Artificial Intelligence

• Search

• Natural Language Processing

• Game Playing

• Learning

• Automated reasoning

• Planning

• Vision and Robotics

4.Data Structures and Algorithms

• Abstract data types, algorithm analysis, Big-O and Theta notations

• Linear structures: Lists, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Priority Queue

• Trees: General and binary trees, traversals, BSTs, AVL, 2-3 trees, red-black trees, Splay Trees

• Algorithm techniques: Greedy, priority queue search, exhaustive search, divide and conquer, dynamic programming, backtracking, recursion

• Indexing: Hashing Trees, Suffix Trees

• Graph algorithms: DFS, BFS, shortest paths, MSTs, DAGs

• Searching, Merging, and Sorting

5.Computer Architecture and Organization and Micro-Processors

• Basic Structures: Sequential circuits, design procedure, state table, and state diagram, Von Neumann / Harvard architecture, RISC/CISC architecture

• Addressing Methods and Programs: Representation of data, arithmetic operations, bus structures, instruction cycle, and excitation cycle

• Processing Unit: Instruction formats, arithmetic and logical instructions

• Addressing Modes

• Input-Output Organization: I/O programming, memory-mapped I/O, basic interrupt system, DMA

• Memory Systems

• 808X and Intel microprocessors: Programming and interfacing

6.Digital Design

• Number Systems, Digital and Analog Systems

• Logic Elements

• Combinational Logic Circuits

• Sequential Logic

• Arithmetic Circuits

• MSI Logic Circuits

• Counters and Registers

• IC Logic Families

• Interfacing with Analog Devices

• Memory Devices

7.Software Engineering Principles (System Analysis and Design)

• Software Process: Software Process models, risk-driven approaches

• Software Project Management: Lifecycle relationships, project planning, control, risk management, cost models, configuration management, version control, quality assurance, metrics

• Software Requirements: Analysis, solicitation, tools, specifications, static and dynamic specifications, review

• Software Design: Design for reuse/change, notations, evaluation, validation, Software Architecture, DFD, Object Modeling, Use Case Diagram, State Diagram

• Implementation: Standards, modularity, data abstraction, unit testing, integration, regression testing, fault tolerance

• Maintenance: Planning for maintenance, understanding the nature of maintenance

• SE Issues: Formal methods, tools and environments, process maturity, ISO standards, SEI-CMM, CASE tools

8.Management Information System (MIS)

• Concept, Types, Objectives, and Implementation of MIS

• Components of MIS

• Role and Importance of MIS in the Banking Sector

• MIS and Decision-Making

• Emerging Trends in MIS

• Ethics, Security, and Privacy in MIS

Section (B): Databases, OS, Computation, Compilers, Graphics (50 Marks)

1. Database Management System and Database Design

• Introduction: The relational model, ER model, SQL, Functional dependency, and relational database design, File structure

• Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: Concurrent execution of the user programs, transactions, Concurrency control techniques

• Crash Recovery: Types of failure, Recovery techniques

• Query Processing and Optimization

• Indexing: Hash-based indexing, Tree-based indexing

• Distributed Database Systems and Object-oriented database system

• Data Mining and Data Warehousing

• Security Management System

• SQL and Embedded SQL: Writing Basic SQL SELECT Statements, Restricting and Sorting data, Single Row Functions, Displaying Data from Multiple Tables, Aggregation of Data Using Group Functions, Subqueries, Manipulating Data, and Creating & Managing Tables, Creating Views and Controlling User Access

• Database Design: Logical Design, Conceptual Design, Mapping Conceptual to Logical, Pragmatic issues, Physical Design, Integrity and Correctness, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus. Normalization: INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF, DKNF, Database Design with major RDBMS products: Oracle, Sybase, DB2, SQL Server

2. Operating System

• Processing and Threads: Symmetric Multiprocessing, Micro-kernels, Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization, Deadlock

• Scheduling

• Memory Management

• Input Output and Files: I/O devices and its organization, Principles of I/O software and hardware, Disks, Files and directories organization, File System Implementation

• Distributed Systems: Distributed Message passing, RPC, Client/Server Computing, Clusters

• Security: Authentication and Access Authorization, System Flaws and Attacks, Trusted System

• Common Operating Systems: MS-DOS, Windows Family of Products, Unix Family of Products, Linux Family of Products, Windows Networking, Windows Architecture, Linux Architecture, Troubleshooting Windows & Linux, Managing Network Printing, Managing Hard Disks and Partitions, Monitoring and Troubleshooting Windows, Users, Groups, and Permission on Linux and Windows

3. Theory of Computation

• BNF, Languages, Grammars

• DFA and NDFA, regular expressions, regular grammars

• Closure, homomorphism

• Pigeonhole principle, pumping lemma

• CFGs, Parsing and ambiguity, Pushdown automata, NPDAs & CFGs

• Pumping lemma

• Turing machines

• Recursively enumerable languages, unrestricted grammars

• The Chomsky hierarchy, Undecidable problems, Church's Thesis

• Complexity Theory, P and NP

4. Compiler Design

• The Structure of a Compiler

• Lexical Analyzer

• Top-down Parsing / Bottom-up Parsing

• Syntax Directed Translation

• Types and Type Checking

• Run-Time Storage Administration

• Intermediate Code Generation

• Data-Flow Analysis and Code Optimizations

• Architecture and Recent Developments in Compilers

5. Computer Graphics

• Graphics Concepts

• Input Devices and Techniques

• Basic Raster Graphics Algorithms and Primitives

• Scan Conversion

• Graphics Hardware

• 2D Geometrical Transformations and Viewing

• 3D Geometry and Viewing

• Hierarchical Modeling

• Projections

• Hidden Surface Removal

• Shading and Rendering

6. Principles of Electronics Communications

• Block Diagram of Analog/Digital Communication Systems

• Analog and Digital Modulation Techniques

• Fundamentals of Error Detection and Correction

• Performance Evaluation of Analog and Digital Communication Systems: SNR and BER

7. IT in Nepal and Emerging Technologies

• History of IT in Nepal

• ICT Policy, 2072

• NRB's Information Technology Policy & Guidelines 2012

• Simulation and Modeling

• Cryptography, Digital Signature

• Artificial Neural Networks and Computer Vision

• Speech Signal Processing

• Adaptive Web Technology

• E-commerce, e-Governance

• Multimedia, Image Processing

• GIS, Remote Sensing, GPS

The Second Phase Interview (Oral) typically evaluates your understanding, practical knowledge, and communication skills in the subject areas relevant to the position or program you are applying for. Here is a breakdown of how the 30 marks for an oral interview may be distributed:

General Breakdown:

• Understanding of Core Concepts (10 Marks)

  • Your ability to explain fundamental concepts clearly and accurately.

  • Knowledge depth in areas like databases, OS, computer networks, programming, and other key topics.

  • Example: Can you explain how a relational database is structured, or describe the differences between TCP and UDP?

• Practical Application (8 Marks)

  • Your ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems.

  • This might involve problem-solving, case studies, or practical examples.

  • Example: How would you handle data consistency in a distributed system, or explain the process of deadlock prevention in an operating system?

• Communication Skills (5 Marks)

  • Clarity of expression, articulation, and the ability to explain complex concepts in a simple manner.

  • Example: Explaining a complicated concept (like memory management or hashing) to someone with limited technical knowledge.

• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking (5 Marks)

  • Your ability to approach and solve technical problems or answer hypothetical questions logically.

  • Example: You might be asked to solve a small algorithm or code-related question during the interview.

• Behavioral and Professionalism (2 Marks)

  • How you present yourself, your attitude, and your readiness to learn.

  • Example: Your approach to teamwork, feedback, or challenges in a project.

Tips for Interview Preparation:

1. Review Key Concepts: Ensure you have a solid understanding of core topics like OS, databases, networking, algorithms, and other relevant areas for the role.

2. Think Aloud: When solving problems, explain your thought process clearly so the interviewer can follow your logic.

3. Stay Calm and Composed: It's okay to take a moment to think before answering questions. Showing that you're reflective and can calmly process information is a plus.

4. Be Prepared for Practical Questions: You may be asked to solve problems or explain how you'd approach real-world scenarios related to your field.

Asian Development Bank limited Business officer detailed syllabus 2081 Overview:

Phase 1: Written Examination

The written exam is divided into two papers, each worth 100 marks with 40 marks required to pass. Both papers are subjective.

Paper 1: Management and Organization, Accounting and Finance, Economics, Information Technology

• Total Marks: 100

• Duration: 3 hours

• Question Format:

  • Short Questions: 4 questions, each worth 5 marks.

  • Long Questions: 8 questions, each worth 10 marks.

Topics in Paper 1:

1. Management and Organization

2. Accounting and Finance

3. Economics

4. Information Technology

Each topic will have a mixture of short and long-answer questions.

Paper 2: Banking and Financial System, Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL), Constitution and Banking Laws

• Total Marks: 100

• Duration: 3 hours

• Question Format:

  • Short Questions: 4 questions, each worth 5 marks.

  • Long Questions: 8 questions, each worth 10 marks.

Topics in Paper 2:

1. Banking and Financial System

2. Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)

3. Constitution and Banking Laws

Similar to Paper 1, each topic will have short and long-answer questions.

Phase 2: Interview

• Total Marks: 30

• Format: Oral/Personal Interview

  • This phase will assess your subject knowledge, communication skills, problem-solving ability, and overall suitability for the role.

Key Points to Remember:

• Pass Marks: 40 marks in each paper.

• Examination Format: Both papers consist of short questions (5 marks each) and long questions (10 marks each). The questions will be subjective and require detailed answers.

• Time: Each paper will be 3 hours long.

• Interview: After the written exam, selected candidates will undergo an oral interview, which is worth 30 marks.

Paper 1: Management, Finance, Accounting, Economics, and Information Technology

Section (A):

Management

• Concept, Principles, and Functions of Management: Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.

• Evolution of Management Thought: Understanding the historical development of management theories and practices.

• Emerging Concepts and Issues of Management: New trends and challenges in modern management, such as digital transformation and globalization.

• Key Management Processes: Fundamental activities that guide the operations and strategies of an organization.

• Difference between Management and Administration: Management focuses on achieving organizational goals, while administration deals with policy-making and decision-making.

• Managerial Quality and Skills: Essential qualities and skills required for effective management, such as leadership, communication, and decision-making.

• Different Levels of Management and Role of Manager: Understanding the hierarchy of management (top, middle, and lower management) and their respective roles.

• Leadership and Contemporary Issues in Leadership: The ability to guide and inspire a team, and the current challenges faced by leaders today.

• Motivation: Concept, Types, Theories, Tools, and Techniques: Exploring what drives employee behavior and the theories and tools to improve motivation.

• Knowledge Management, Time Management, Stress Management, Conflict Management, and Disaster Management: Techniques for managing information, time, stress, conflicts, and unforeseen crises in organizations.

• Agile Management: A flexible and iterative approach to managing projects and teams, often used in tech industries.

• Negotiation and Agreement Skills: The ability to reach mutually beneficial agreements through communication and bargaining.

• Reporting, Monitoring, Supervision, and Inspection: Ensuring activities align with organizational goals through regular checks, feedback, and control systems.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

• Concept, Objectives, and Process of HRM: HRM focuses on recruiting, managing, and developing employees to meet organizational needs.

• Employee Ethics and Behavior: Understanding and guiding employees' conduct according to organizational values and societal standards.

• Mindsets, Attitude, and Aptitude Management: Managing employees' mental approach, behavior, and potential for skill development.

• Human Resource Planning and Forecasting: Anticipating future HR needs and planning for recruitment, training, and retention.

• Performance Appraisal, Reward, Recognition, and Punishment System: Systems to evaluate and manage employee performance, including incentives and corrective actions.

• Job Analysis: Job Description, Job Specification, and Job Evaluation: Defining roles, responsibilities, and the value of jobs within an organization.

• Delegation of Authority, Empowerment, Accountability, and Responsibility: Assigning tasks, empowering employees, and holding them accountable for their work.

• Career Path and Succession Planning: Ensuring that employees have a clear career development path and preparing for leadership succession.

• Grievance Handling: Addressing and resolving employee complaints and issues.

• Labor Relations, Negotiations, and Collective Bargaining: Managing relationships between employers and employees, including union negotiations.

• Placement, Transfer, and Job Rotation: Moving employees to different roles or locations to improve skill sets and satisfaction.

• Team Development, Team Spirit, and Team Bonding: Building cohesive and high-performing teams.

• Training, Learning and Development, Capacity Building, and Skill Enhancement: Providing employees with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed.

• Skill and Expectation Management: Managing employee capabilities and aligning them with organizational needs.

• Recruitment, Socialization, and Retirement: Processes related to hiring, integrating new employees, and managing retirement.

• Contemporary Challenges, Issues, and HR Practices: Addressing modern HR challenges, such as diversity, digital transformation, and work-life balance.

Quality Management

• Total Quality Management (TQM) Techniques: A comprehensive approach to improving quality across all aspects of an organization.

• Quality Circle: A group of employees working together to solve quality-related issues within their work area.

• Six Sigma: A data-driven approach to eliminate defects and improve processes.

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Global standards for quality management systems.

• Factors Affecting Quality: Internal and external factors that impact the quality of products or services.

• Benchmarking and Quality Assurance Techniques: Comparing practices with industry leaders and implementing techniques to ensure consistent quality.

Strategic Management

• Strategic Planning Framework: The process of defining an organization’s strategy and making decisions on allocating resources.

• Environmental Scanning, Strategic Research, and Analysis: Analyzing external and internal factors that can impact an organization's strategy.

• SWOT Analysis: A tool to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to guide strategic planning.

• Strategy Formulation Process and Methods: The steps involved in creating a strategy to achieve organizational goals.

• Strategy Implementation/Action Plan/Gantt Chart: The process of putting strategies into action, often visualized with a Gantt chart to track progress.

• Strategy Evaluation: The process of assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of a strategy in achieving the organization's goals.

• Strategy Control: Monitoring and adjusting strategies to ensure they stay aligned with organizational objectives.

• Red Ocean vs. Blue Ocean Strategy: Red Ocean refers to competing in existing markets with established competition, while Blue Ocean focuses on creating new, uncontested market spaces.

Decision Making and Problem Solving

• Decision Making: Concept, Types, Processes, Issues, and Challenges: The process of making choices among alternatives, with various types such as rational, intuitive, and group decisions, and associated challenges like biases and incomplete information.

• Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making: How emotional awareness and control impact decision-making, particularly in leadership roles.

• Quantitative Tools for Decision Making: Statistical and mathematical models used to support decision-making, such as decision trees or cost-benefit analysis.

• Techniques for Stimulating Creativity: Methods such as brainstorming or lateral thinking to generate innovative solutions.

• Intuition/Hunch Driven Decision vs. Data/Logic Driven Decision: The contrast between relying on gut feelings or instinct (intuition) and using data and analysis (logical reasoning) for decisions.

Organizational Development

• Fundamentals of Organizational Structure: The framework defining roles, responsibilities, and relationships within an organization.

• Fundamentals of Organizational Culture and Behavior: The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape the environment of an organization.

• Organization Development Process: Steps taken to improve an organization’s effectiveness, including diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation.

• Organizational Group Dynamics: How groups within an organization interact and affect overall performance.

• Organizational Change and Adaptation: The process by which organizations evolve and adjust to external and internal factors.

• Emerging Approaches to Organizational Leadership and Their Applications: Modern leadership styles and techniques, such as transformational and servant leadership.

• Organization Theories: Various theories that explain how organizations function and how they can be managed effectively, such as bureaucratic, human relations, and systems theory.

• Communication Skill: Types, Tools, and Techniques: Different methods of communication, such as verbal, written, and non-verbal, and tools to enhance effectiveness, such as digital communication platforms.

• Personality, Perception, Behaviors, Alienation, and Frustration and Remedies: How individual characteristics and behaviors impact organizational dynamics, and how to address issues like alienation or frustration.

Accounting and Finance

Accounting

• Concept of Account and Accounting: An account is a record of financial transactions, and accounting is the systematic process of recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions.

• Conventional Principles and Objectives of Accounting: Traditional rules and objectives guiding accounting practices, including accuracy, transparency, and consistency.

• Fundamentals of Accounting (Personal, Real, and Nominal) and its Rules: Basic categories of accounts—personal (individuals), real (assets), and nominal (expenses/revenues)—and their rules.

• Cost Accounting, Management Accounting, and Financial Accounting: Different branches of accounting: cost accounting focuses on cost control, management accounting aids decision-making, and financial accounting tracks and reports financial transactions.

• Account Voucher, Ledger, Trial Balance, Profit and Loss Account, Balance Sheet: Key components of accounting: vouchers for recording transactions, ledgers for summarizing data, trial balance for verification, profit and loss account for performance, and balance sheet for financial position.

• Cash Flow Statement: A financial statement showing the inflow and outflow of cash within a company.

• Budgeting System, Budgetary Control, Profit Planning: Techniques to plan and control finances by setting budgets and measuring performance against them.

• Depreciation: Concept, Types, and Methods: Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over time, with various methods like straight-line or reducing balance.

• Reconciliation of Accounting: The process of ensuring that two sets of records (like bank statements and the company's ledger) are consistent.

• Internal Control: Concept, Tools, and Techniques of Effectiveness of Internal Controlling and Auditing: Mechanisms to ensure the integrity of financial reporting and operations, including audits, checks, and balances.

• International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), Nepal Accounting Standard (NAS), Nepal Financial Reporting Standard (NFRS): Standards for accounting and financial reporting that ensure transparency and consistency across countries.

Financial Management

• Concept of Financial Management: The management of finances to achieve organizational objectives, including budgeting, investment, and funding decisions.

• Scope and Importance of Financial Statements: Financial statements provide critical insights into the financial health of an organization and are used for decision-making.

• Financial Planning and Strategies: The process of setting financial goals and determining the strategies to achieve them.

• Financial Statement Analysis (Profit and Loss, Balance Sheet, Funds Flow/Cash Flow): Analyzing financial documents to evaluate an organization’s performance and financial stability.

• Profit Management, Break Even Analysis, and Financial Leverage: Techniques to manage profits, calculate the point at which a company breaks even, and understand the impact of debt on returns.

• Assets and Liability Management: Managing assets and liabilities to maintain financial stability and profitability.

• Portfolio Management: Analysis and Selection, Associated Financial Risk Analysis in Portfolio Management: The process of selecting investments and analyzing their risks and returns.

• Capital Budgeting: Techniques, Significance, Application of the Concept, Working Capital Management, Cost of Capital, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Average Rate of Return (ARR), Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS), P/E Ratio, Pay Back Method: Techniques for evaluating investment decisions and measuring their profitability and risks.

• CAMELS Analysis: A framework for assessing the financial health of financial institutions, based on Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management quality, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to market risk.

Project Management

• Project Identification, Formulation and Design: The initial steps in identifying a project's objectives, developing a plan, and outlining its design to ensure feasibility and alignment with goals.

• Project Appraisal (Importance, Techniques, Methods of Project Evaluation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Technical Feasibility and Economic Viability): Assessing a project’s potential for success by evaluating its costs, benefits, feasibility, and economic impact before implementation.

• Financial Ratio Analysis for Measuring Performance and Standards: Using financial ratios (e.g., profitability, liquidity) to assess a project's or organization's financial health and performance.

• Financial Projection and Forecasting: Predicting future financial performance based on historical data, trends, and assumptions about future conditions.

• Project Implementation, Monitoring and Control: The process of executing the project plan, tracking progress, and making adjustments to keep the project on track.

Economics (Section C)

Economics and Nepalese Economy

• Macro and Micro Economic Concept: Macroeconomics focuses on the economy as a whole, while microeconomics looks at individual markets and decision-making by businesses and households.

• Inflation: Concept, Causes, Measurement and Consequences: Inflation is the increase in general price levels, caused by factors like demand-pull or cost-push, and can be measured using price indices. It erodes purchasing power and can impact economic stability.

• Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment: Refers to the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment, often depicted by the Phillips curve; lowering inflation may increase unemployment, and vice versa.

• Money Supply: Definition, Factors Affecting Money Supply: Money supply is the total amount of money circulating in the economy, influenced by central bank policies, banking system operations, and economic demand.

• Balance of Payment: A record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world, including trade, investments, and loans.

• Market: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic and Oligopoly: Different types of market structures: perfect competition (many firms, no barriers), monopoly (one firm dominates), monopolistic competition (many firms, differentiated products), and oligopoly (few firms dominate).

• National Income Accounting: A method of measuring a country's economic activity by calculating its total national income, which includes GDP, GNP, and other economic indicators.

• Concepts of GDP, Latest Trend of Nepalese GDP, Problem and Solution: GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country. Trends in Nepal's GDP show growth and challenges, such as low productivity and unemployment.

• GDP Measurement: Expenditure, Income, and Value-added Approach: Three methods of calculating GDP: expenditure (spending), income (total earnings), and value-added (adding up production value at each stage).

• Globalization, Economic Liberalization and Privatization:

  • Concept, Causes, and Consequences: The integration of global economies, with causes like technological advancements and consequences like economic interdependence.

  • Pros and Cons: Benefits include increased trade and investment, while drawbacks include potential inequality and loss of sovereignty.

  • Impact on Nepalese Economy and Financial Sector: Globalization has brought both opportunities (e.g., foreign investment) and challenges (e.g., increased competition) to Nepal.

• Periodic Plans:

  • Current Periodic Plan of Nepal: Nepal's development plans that set priorities for economic growth over specific periods.

  • Efforts, Achievements, and Challenges of Planned Economic Development in Nepal: Nepal's planned development has achieved infrastructural improvements but faces challenges like political instability and poverty.

Fiscal and Monetary Policy

• Fiscal Policy: Budget Structure, Implementation Problem and Challenges; Characteristics, Objectives and Program of Current Fiscal Year Budget: Fiscal policy involves government spending and taxation decisions. Challenges include implementation delays and deficit financing.

• Monetary Policy: Concept, Characteristics, Objectives and Direction of Current Monetary Policy: The central bank’s management of money supply and interest rates to control inflation, stabilize currency, and promote economic growth.

• Interlinkage Between Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Fiscal and monetary policies work together to control inflation, stabilize the economy, and promote growth. They must be coordinated for effectiveness.

International Organizations

• United Nations (UN): A global organization focused on peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

• World Trade Organization (WTO): An international body that regulates global trade rules and agreements between countries.

• World Bank (WB): A financial institution that provides loans and grants to the developing world for development projects.

• International Monetary Fund (IMF): An organization that promotes global financial stability by providing financial assistance and policy advice to member countries.

• Asian Development Bank (ADB): A regional development bank focused on reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development in Asia.

• International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): A specialized agency of the UN that finances agricultural development projects in rural areas.

• South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): A regional intergovernmental organization aimed at promoting economic and regional integration among South Asian countries.

• Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC): A regional organization that focuses on technical and economic cooperation among countries around the Bay of Bengal.

Information Technology (Section D)

• Introduction to Computer Basics and Information Technology: Understanding the fundamental components of computers and how information technology (IT) is used to process, store, and transmit data.

• Computer System (Input Device and Output Device): A computer system includes hardware components, such as input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse) and output devices (e.g., monitor, printer) that interact with the user and other systems.

• Computer Operating Systems: Software that manages hardware resources and provides a user interface, enabling applications to run on a computer (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS).

• Networking: LAN, WAN, MAN; Internet and Intranet: A LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a limited area, WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large distances, MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) covers cities, and the Internet connects networks globally, while Intranet is a private internal network.

• Database Management System (DBMS): A software system for storing, managing, and retrieving data in an organized manner. It supports various operations like querying and updating databases (e.g., MySQL, Oracle).

• Use of Information Technology in Banking System, Associated Risk and Control Measures: IT in banking facilitates digital transactions, online banking, and secure record-keeping, but it also brings risks like cybersecurity threats, requiring strong security protocols and risk management.

• Core Banking System (CBS): Importance and Risks: Core banking systems centralize banking operations across branches, improving efficiency and customer service, but they also present risks like system failures and cyber threats.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI), its use in Banking Sector, Issues and Challenges: AI is used in banking for tasks such as fraud detection, chatbots, and personalized services. However, it faces challenges related to data privacy, transparency, and ethical concerns.

Paper 2: Banking, Financial System, ADBL, Constitution and Laws:

Section (A)

1.Banking and Financial System
50 Marks

• History, Development, and Present Scenario of Banking System in Nepal

• Achievements, Issues, and Opportunities of Banking Industry in Nepal

• Classification of Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs)

• Types of Financial Institution and their Roles in the Economy

• Role and Functions of Central Bank and Commercial Banks

• FinTech and Digital Banking: Types, Opportunities, Challenges, and Risk

• Financial Access, Digital/Financial Literacy, and Financial Inclusion
  (2x5+4x10=50)

• Alternative Delivery Channel (ADCs) in Banking: Concept, Types, and Issues

• Principles of Value-Based Banking

• Shadow Banking and its Impact on the Economy

• Bank Marketing: Concept, Banking Products and Services, Target Customer Segments, and Strategic Marketing Approaches

• Interest Rate Corridor (IRC)

• Base Rate Calculation and Premium Rate Determination

2.Modern Banking Services:

• Letter of Credit: Concept, Types, Process, Risk, and Issues

• Bank Guarantee: Concept, Types, Process, Risk, and Issues

• Treasury and Cash Management: Concept, Instruments, Associated Risk, and Opportunities

• Remittance: Concept and Economic Impact

• e-Banking: Types and Importance

• Any Branch Banking System (ABBS)

• Mobile Banking, Internet Banking

• Digital Wallet

• Paperless Banking

• ATM, Debit Card, Credit Card, Visa Card, Dollar Card, Prepaid Card

• POS and QR-Based Payment

• C-ASBA, DEMAT

• e-Commerce

3.Management of Commercial Banks

• Profitability and Liquidity Management

• Assets and Liability Management

• Lending Principles and its Management

• Treasury and Cash Management: Concept, Instruments, Associated Risk, and Opportunities

• Key Financial Sector Reforms and Effectiveness

• Credit Cycle and Credit Administration

• Operation Excellence and Service Delivery in Banks

• Merger, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructuring in Nepal: Present Scenario, Benefits, Issues, and Challenges

• BASEL Core Principles and Capital Adequacy Framework

• Non-Performing Loan (NPL) Management: Tools and Techniques

• Classification of Loan according to NRB and Loan Loss Provision

4. Banking Risk Management

• Concept, Types, and Measurement of Banking Risk and Identification

• Risks in the Banking Business and Measures for Risk Mitigation

• Risk Management Techniques and Strategies in Banking Business

• NRB Directive Regarding Risk Management

• Business Contingency Plan and Management

5. Corporate Governance

• Issues and Challenges of Corporate Governance in Nepalese Banking Sector

• Discipline, Ethics, and Code of Conduct

  • Employee

  • Business/Corporate

  • Integrity, Values, and Norms

  • Social Responsibility Towards Different Stakeholders

• Data Governance (IT-Risk Analysis)

• Compliance, Anti-Money Laundering (AML)/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) and Know Your Customer (KYC)

• Suspicious Transactions Reporting (STR) and Threshold Transactions Reporting (TTR)

• Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

• Banking Crimes, Fraud, and Prevention

6. Nepalese Financial System

• Structure of Nepalese Financial System, Problems, Prospectus, Issues, and Remedies

• Money Market: Present Scenario, Instruments, Issues, and Challenges

• Capital Market: Present Scenario, Instruments, Issues, and Challenges

• Interrelationship Between Money Market and Capital Market

• Recent Development in Money and Capital Market of Nepal

Section (B)
Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)
20 Marks
(2x5+1x10=20)

Institutional Framework and Overview of Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)

• Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.: Historical Development, Achievement, Vision, Mission, and Objectives

• Existing Organizational Structure

• Institutional Linkage of ADBL (National and International)

• Contribution, Role, Potentialities, and Challenges of the ADBL in the Development of Nepal's Economic (Agriculture, Rural, and Banking) Sector

• Current Status and Progress of ADBL

• ADBL: Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

• Modern Banking Services in ADBL

Customer Excellence in ADBL

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Concept, Objectives, Methods, and Grievances Handling

• Customer Protection Principle

• Service Delivery System

Section (C)
Constitution and Laws
30 Marks
(3x10=30)

Constitution and Laws

• The Constitution of Nepal

• Company Act, 2063

• Income Tax Act, 2058

• Bank and Financial Institutions Act, 2073

• Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058

• Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064

• Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act, 2064 and Regulation 2073

• The Act on Recovery of Debts of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2058 and Regulation 2059

• Negotiable Instrument Act, 2034

• Unified Directives and Circulars Issued by Nepal Rastra Bank

• Working Capital Guidelines, 2079

• Electronic Transactions Act, 2063

• Employees Bylaws, 2062

Conclusion:

The first paper provides a comprehensive overview of the banking system in Nepal, highlighting its history, structure, and the various types of financial institutions. It also explores modern banking services, risk management, and corporate governance, along with the role of financial institutions in the country's economy. The paper emphasizes the importance of banking reforms, including profitability and liquidity management, to address emerging challenges.
The second paper delves into key laws and regulations impacting the banking sector, including the Constitution of Nepal, the Bank and Financial Institutions Act, and various banking-related acts like the Asset Laundering Prevention Act. It focuses on the legal framework that governs banking operations, risk management, and the regulatory environment, highlighting the importance of compliance with laws such as the Income Tax Act and the Electronic Transactions Act.