ADBL Level-4 clerk(Administration) Exam Syllabus Detailed Overview:

If you're applying for the Level-4 Accountant (Lekhapal) position at Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL), it's important to understand the exam process clearly. The recruitment process is divided into three main stages: Preliminary exam, Written exam, and Interview. Let's take a look at each stage in simple terms.

Stage 1: Preliminary Exam

The first stage is a multiple-choice (objective) exam worth 100 marks. This is mainly a screening test to shortlist candidates for the second stage. You'll have 45 minutes to complete the paper.

The questions are divided into five sections:

• Management, Accounting & Economics – 30 marks

• ADBL & Banking Knowledge – 30 marks

• Mathematics – 10 marks

• Computer Knowledge – 10 marks

• General Knowledge – 20 marks

Each correct answer carries 2 marks, and there’s a 20% penalty for every wrong answer. But if you skip a question, there’s no negative marking. Remember, marks from this round won’t be included in the final total—it’s just to qualify for the next stage.

Stage 2: Written Exam

Only candidates who pass the preliminary exam can take the written test. This stage is worth 200 marks and is split into two papers. Both papers include descriptive (long and short answer) questions.

Paper 1 includes:

• Management

• Accounting

• Mathematics

• Computer

• Economics

This paper is worth 100 marks, and the passing mark is 40. The duration is 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Paper 2 covers:

• ADBL and general banking knowledge

• Banking laws and regulations

This paper is also worth 100 marks with a 40-mark pass mark and a time limit of 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Stage 3: Interview

The final step is a 30-mark interview. It’s an oral test where your communication, subject knowledge, and confidence will be evaluated by the interview panel.

Important Notes for the ADBL Level-4 Exam Candidates:

Before appearing in the exam, make sure you're aware of the following important instructions:

1. Language of Written Exam:
   The written exam can be taken in Nepali, English, or both.

2. Marks and Question Distribution:
   The number of questions and marks distribution will follow the subject/paper structure mentioned in the syllabus as closely as possible.

3. Negative Marking in MCQs:
   For each wrong answer in multiple-choice questions, 20% of the mark will be deducted. No marks will be deducted for unanswered questions.

4. Answering Format for MCQs:
   You must write answers to objective-type questions using capital letters (A, B, C, D) only. Using small letters (a, b, c, d) or any other symbols will invalidate your answer sheet.

5. Use of Calculators:
   Calculators are not allowed in any multiple-choice exams.

6. Question Types in Subjective Papers:
   Subjective exams may include long questions, multi-part questions, or short notes under a single question.

7. Separate Answer Sheets:
   Each section/unit/question in the subjective paper will have a separate answer sheet. Candidates must write the answer to a specific question only in the corresponding answer sheet provided.

8. Updated Legal Content:
   Any acts, laws, rules, regulations, or policies included in the syllabus will be based on their version as of 3 months before the exam date. This includes amended, repealed, or newly added provisions.

9. Qualification for Next Rounds:
   Only those who pass the preliminary exam will be eligible for the written exam.
   Only those who pass the written exam will be called for the interview.

10. Syllabus Approval Date:
    The syllabus was officially approved on 2081/12/14.

ADBL Level-4 Preliminary Exam Syllabus (Pre-Exam Guide):

The first stage of the exam is the Preliminary Exam, which is based on multiple-choice questions (MCQs). It carries 100 marks, and one of its most important parts is understanding the syllabus well. Here’s a breakdown of the topics you need to focus on for Section A and Section B, each carrying 30 marks.

Section A: Management, Accounting, and Economics

Total: 30 Marks (15 Questions × 2 Marks)

This section tests your basic understanding of how organizations and banks operate, handle finances, and how economic factors affect them.

1. Management

• Meaning, principles, and functions like planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and coordination

• History of management theories and how they evolved

• Core principles of management

• Effective communication skills

• Customer relationship management and how to provide excellent service

• Basics of human resource management and staff development

2. Accounting

• History and evolution of accounting

• Principles, conventions, and objectives of accounting

• Types of accounts

• Internal controls in banking like internal check, auditing, and risk management

• How to measure financial performance: liquidity, turnover, profitability, solvency

• Managing inventory and fixed assets in banks

• Depreciation and its common methods

• Understanding basic financial statements in banking: Profit & Loss account, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement

3. Economics

• Basics of micro and macroeconomics

• Important aspects of the Nepalese economy

• Major macroeconomic indicators: GDP, GNP, per capita income, investment, consumption, savings, inflation, foreign trade, remittance, and balance of payments

• Recent economic trends and developments

• Overview of monetary and fiscal policies

Section B: Banking and ADBL

Total: 30 Marks (15 Questions × 2 Marks)

This part focuses on your understanding of the banking system and knowledge specific to Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL).

4. Banking

• History and development of banking in Nepal and globally

• Types and classifications of banks

• Important banking and financial terms

• Current status of the banking sector in Nepal

• Main functions of the central bank and commercial banks

• Introduction to FinTech and digital banking

• Various types of Alternative Delivery Channels (ADCs) in banking

• Basics of agency banking

• Concepts of financial access, digital/financial literacy, and financial inclusion

• Trends in mergers and acquisitions in banking

• Overview of BASEL III norms

• Understanding capital markets and money markets

• Knowledge of negotiable instruments (like cheques, bills of exchange, etc.)

• History, Vision, and Objectives: Know how ADBL started, what it aims to achieve, and how it has contributed over time.

• Organizational Structure: Understand how the bank is structured—its departments and branches.

• Current Progress: Learn about ADBL's recent activities, improvements, and performance.

• Role in Economic Development: ADBL plays a big role in supporting farmers and agriculture in Nepal—know its key contributions.

• Service Coverage and Branches: You should be aware of how widely the bank has spread its services across Nepal.

• Employees’ Bylaws, 2062: These are the internal rules and regulations for employees—important for anyone planning to work there.

• Core Banking System (CBS): Understand how CBS helps banks manage accounts and transactions digitally.

6. Banking Laws

You need to be familiar with the key laws that govern the banking sector in Nepal. These are crucial for banking operations and customer safety.

• Company Act, 2063: Governs how companies (including banks) are registered and run in Nepal.

• Bank and Financial Institutions Act (BAFIA), 2073: This act is specifically for managing banks and financial institutions.

• Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058: Outlines the authority and role of the central bank in Nepal.

• Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act, 2064: Designed to stop illegal money transactions and make banking transparent.

• Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064: Deals with crimes like fraud or misusing banking systems and the penalties for such actions.

Section C: Mathematics and Computer

Total: 20 Marks (10 Questions from Each Subject × 2 Marks)

7. Mathematics (5 Questions × 2 = 10 Marks)

This section tests your basic math skills, especially those useful in banking tasks like interest calculation or handling numbers.

• Work with integers, fractions, and decimals

• Solve problems using the unitary method

• Calculate simple and compound interest

• Understand percentages, profit and loss

• Use ratios and proportions for comparisons

• Know how to calculate mean, median, mode, and standard deviation in statistics

• Solve for LCM and HCF, often used in calculations

8. Computer (5 Questions × 2 = 10 Marks)

Basic computer knowledge is essential in modern banking. This part checks your familiarity with computer concepts.

• Know the concept, history, and types of computers

• Understand the difference between hardware and software

• Be clear on basic computer operations and operating systems

• Recognize common computer abbreviations (e.g., CPU, RAM)

• Learn about network types: LAN, WAN, MAN, Internet, and Intranet

• Basics of database management systems

• Understand how IT is used in banking (e.g., digital banking, CBS)

• Know key IT and computer terminologies

Section D: General Knowledge

Total: 20 Marks (10 Questions × 2 Marks Each)

This section tests your awareness of geography, history, culture, governance, current affairs, and national and international institutions. Here’s what you need to focus on:

1. Geography

You should have general knowledge about the world’s geography and detailed awareness of Nepal’s geography.

World Geography

• Be familiar with basic concepts like continents, oceans, important mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, and climatic zones.

Geography of Nepal

• Natural resources: Types like water, forests, minerals, and their importance.

• Geographical structure and types: Mountains, hills, Terai, and their unique features.

• Diversity and human life: How geography influences living conditions and livelihoods in different regions.

• Administrative division: Provinces, districts, municipalities, and their structure.

• Latitude and longitude: Understand Nepal’s global position and how coordinates work.

2. History, Culture, Society, Politics & Economy

This section covers Nepal's historical journey and its present socio-political and economic conditions.

World History

• Key global events like world wars, industrial revolution, and major political revolutions.

Nepal’s History & Society

• Ancient & Medieval Period: Political systems, religion, and cultural practices.

• Modern Nepal: Political changes, social reforms, and cultural evolution.

• Governance System: Federal, provincial, and local levels of government.

• Cultural richness: Learn about Nepal’s religions, languages, ethnic groups, literature, and arts.

• Economy: Focus on sectors like agriculture, industry, trade, tourism, transport, communication, education, health, and electricity.

• Development Plans: Know about Nepal's history of planned development and current periodic plans (such as the 15th Plan).

3. Institutions, Sports, Awards, & Current Affairs

Be up to date with both national and international affairs and institutions.

Foreign Policy & Events

• Understand Nepal’s foreign policy principles.

• Stay updated on major national and international events, especially recent ones.

Major Organizations

• Know the roles of important institutions like the UN, EU, WTO, SAARC, BIMSTEC, IMF, World Bank, and ADB.

Sports & Awards

• Be aware of major sports tournaments and awards at both national and international levels.

4. Nepal’s Constitutional Development

• Understand the history of constitutional development in Nepal—from the first constitution to the current one.

• Focus especially on Nepal’s Constitution 2072, its structure, key features, and changes it brought.

Second Phase: First Paper

Subject: Management, Accounting, Mathematics and Computer:
Total: 50 Marks (5 Questions × 10 Marks)

1. Management & Organization

• Definition of Organization

• Types of Organizations

• Objectives of an Organization

• Organizational Structure

• Communication Systems

• Organizational Change and Development

• Institutional Governance

• Definition, Principles & Functions of Management

• Motivation: Concept, Theories, Tools and Techniques

• Management Information Systems

• Customer Service Excellence: Concept, Importance, Tools and Techniques

2. Human Resource Management (HRM)

• Concept and Process of Human Resource Management

• Objectives and Importance of Human Resource Management

• Job Descriptions and Job Analysis

• Employee Selection and Recruitment Process

• Training and Development: Concept, Necessity and Techniques

• Employee Transfers and Job Rotation

• Disciplinary Actions, Rewards and Punishment

• Career Development Planning

• Performance Appraisal

3. Office Management

• Letter Writing and Inter-Departmental Correspondence

• Memo Writing (Tippani) and Decision Making

• Registration and Dispatch of Documents (Darta and Chalani)

• Records Management

• Filing Systems and Procedure

• Indexing and Cataloging

• Communication Management

• Office Structure and Office Layout/Decoration

• Introduction to Report Writing and Report Structure

• Account and Accounting

• Principles, Objectives, Types, and Characteristics of Accounting

• Single-entry and Double-entry Accounting System

• Accounting Vouchers and Petty Cash Book

• Ledger Accounts

• Profit and Loss Account and Income and Expenditure Accounting

• Trial Balance and Balance Sheet

• Cash Flow Statement

• Importance and Use of Financial Statements

• Reconciliation Statement

• Internal Check, Internal Control, Internal and External Audit

• Depreciation: Concept, Types and Methods

Section (C) – Mathematics

10 Marks (2 Questions × 5 Marks)

• Unity Method

• Fraction

• Decimal

• Simple and Compound Interest

• Percentage

• Ratio and Proportion

• Discount and Commission

• Simple Average and Weighted Average

Section (D) – Computer

20 Marks (4 Questions × 5 Marks)

• Introduction to Computer Basics and Information Technology

• Computer System (Input Device, Output Device)

• Computer Operating Systems

• Application Software

• Hardware

• Intranet, Internet, and E-mail

• Computer Applications: Windows, Word, Excel, PowerPoint

• Database Management System

• Use of Information Technology in Banking System

Second Phase: Second Paper

Subjects: Economics, Banking, ADBL, and Banking Laws
Total Marks: 65

Section (A) – Economics

20 Marks

• Concept and Definition of Micro and Macro Economics

• Principles of Demand, Supply, Production, Consumption, and Saving

• Government Securities, Share, Bond, and Debenture

• National Income Accounting

• Treasury Management

• Inflation: Concept, Types, Causes and Consequences

• Fiscal and Monetary Policies

• Money Market and Capital Market

• Federal Budget

• Economic Liberalization and Globalization: General Overview

Section (B) – Banking

45 Marks (3 Short × 5 + 3 Long × 10)

Banking System and Structure

• History and Development of Banking System

• Types and Classification of Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs)

• Role and Functions of Central Bank and Commercial Banks

• Challenges, Issues, and Opportunities of Banking in Nepal

• FinTech and Digital Banking: Types, Risks, Uses, and Issues

• Financial Access, Digital/Financial Literacy, and Financial Inclusion

• Shadow Banking and its Impact on the Banking Sector

Modern Banking Products and Services

• Letter of Credit: Concept, Types, and Process

• Bank Guarantee: Concept, Types, and Process

• Agency Banking Services

• Remittance: Concept and Economic Impact

• e-Banking: Types and Importance

• Any Branch Banking System (ABBS)

• Mobile Banking and Internet Banking

• Digital Wallet

• Paperless Banking

• ATM, Debit Card, Credit Card, Dollar, Prepaid Card, Kisan Card, and Visa Card

• POS, QR Based Payment

• C-ASBA, DEMAT, Mero Share

• e-Commerce

Management of Commercial Bank

• Profitability and Liquidity Management

• Assets and Liability Management

• Lending Principles and its Management

• Recovery and Non-performing Loan Management

• Operation Excellence and Service Delivery in Banks

• Merger and Acquisitions

• Risk Management in Commercial Banks

• BASEL Core Principles and Capital Adequacy Framework

• Interest Rate Corridor (IRC)

• Loan Classification and Loan Loss Provision according to NRB Directives

• Credit Management

Section (C) – Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. and Banking Laws

35 Marks (3×5 + 2×10 = 35)

5. Overview of Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)

• Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.: Historical Development, Achievement, Vision, Mission and Objectives

• Existing Organizational Structure

• Employees Bylaws, 2062

• Contribution, Role, Potentialities and Challenges of the ADBL in the Development of Nepal's Economic (Agriculture, Rural and Banking) Sector

• Current Status and Progress of ADBL

• Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

• Core Banking System (CBS) in ADBL

6. Banking Laws

• Bank and Financial Institution Act, 2073

• Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058

• Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064

• Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act, 2064 and Regulation 2073

• Unified Directives and Circulars Issued by Nepal Rastra Bank

• The Act on Recovery of Debts of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2058 and Regulation 2059

Conclusion:

The role of an Accountant at Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL) is critical in ensuring the bank's financial health, regulatory compliance, and operational transparency. As a public sector financial institution with a strong mandate to promote agricultural and rural development, ADBL relies on its accountants to:

• Accurately record and manage financial transactions,

• Prepare essential reports like balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements,

• Assist in budget preparation, audit coordination, and loan reconciliation,

• Ensure compliance with NRB directives, government acts, and ADBL’s internal financial policies,

• Contribute to financial planning, risk assessment, and service delivery excellence.

An ADBL accountant is not just a bookkeeper but a key financial advisor who supports sustainable banking, contributes to rural development, and upholds transparency and accountability within the institution.

Syllabus of MIS Officer Admin level 6 Examination of Agricultural Development bank Limited Detailed Overview:

Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. MIS Officer Syllabus

The Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADB) in Nepal is hiring for the position of MIS Officer. The selection process consists of two main stages: a written examination and an interview. Below is a breakdown of the exam syllabus and structure for the position.

Stage 1: Written Examination (First Paper)

The written examination for the MIS Officer position is the first stage of the selection process. It consists of 100 total marks, with 40 marks required to pass. The exam is divided into four key subjects: Management, Banking, Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL), and Constitution & Laws.

• Management (30 marks):

  • 3 questions (10 marks each)

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

• Banking (30 marks):

  • 2 questions (10 marks each)

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

• ADBL (Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.) (20 marks):

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

  • 1 question (10 marks)

• Constitution & Laws (20 marks):

  • 2 questions (5 marks each)

  • 1 question (10 marks)

The questions will be a mix of short-answer and long-answer types, designed to assess your understanding of each subject.

Stage 2: Written Examination (Second Paper)

The second paper in the written exam focuses on Core Computer Science Concepts. It also carries a total of 100 marks, with 40 marks required to pass. This paper covers topics such as Databases, Computation, Compilers, and Graphics.

• Short-Answer Questions (20 marks):

  • 4 questions (5 marks each)

• Long-Answer Questions (80 marks):

  • 8 questions (10 marks each)

This stage tests your technical knowledge in computer science and related fields.

Stage 3: Interview

The final stage is the interview, which carries 30 marks. It will be an oral examination, focusing on your subject knowledge, problem-solving skills, and ability to communicate effectively. There is no time limit for the interview.

Key Information

• The first paper and second paper are each independently graded, with a pass mark of 40 in each.

• The exam will be conducted in Nepali, English, or both languages.

• Each paper will have separate answer sheets for different sections. Make sure to write your answers in the correct sheet for each section.

• Only candidates who pass the first stage (written exam) will be eligible to attend the interview.

First Paper Syllabus:

The first paper of the Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADB) exam for the MIS Officer position focuses on Management, Banking, ADBL, and Laws. Here’s a breakdown of the syllabus for the first paper, which is worth 100 marks in total, with 40 marks required to pass.

Section A: Management And Human Resources (30 Marks):

1. Management and Human Resource

   • Concept, Principles, and Functions of Management
     Understanding the core principles of management, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

   • Difference between Management and Administration
     Key distinctions between management and administrative roles.

   • Emerging Concepts and Issues of Management
     Modern-day management concepts and their evolving challenges.

   • Controlling, Coordination, and Supervision
     How to manage operations and teams effectively, ensuring coordination.

   • Managerial Quality and Skills
     Key skills required for managers to succeed in their roles.

   • Different Levels of Management and Role of Manager
     Understanding the structure of management, from lower-level to top-level roles.

   • Leadership: Concept, Types, Qualities, and Contemporary Issues
     Explore various leadership styles and contemporary challenges in leadership.

   • Knowledge Management, Time Management, Stress Management, Conflict Management
     Techniques for managing resources, time, stress, and resolving conflicts.

   • Reporting, Monitoring, Supervision, and Inspection
     Methods for managing performance through reporting and supervision.

Human Resource Management:

2. Concept and Process of Human Resource Management
   Understanding the role of HR and the processes involved in managing human resources.

3. Mindsets, Attitude, and Aptitude Management
   Approaches for improving mindset, attitude, and overall work performance.

4. Performance Appraisal, Recognition, Reward, and Punishment System
   Techniques for evaluating employee performance and systems of rewards and punishments.

5. Job Satisfaction, Job Rotation, and Transfer
   Concepts related to improving employee satisfaction and strategies like job rotation.

6. Employee Motivation: Concept, Types, Theories, Tools, and Techniques
   Understanding what drives employee motivation and how to apply different motivational theories.

7. Career Path and Succession Plan
   Strategies for developing employees' career paths and ensuring a smooth succession plan.

8. Training, Learning, Development, Capacity Building, Skill Enhancement
   Methods to enhance employee skills through training and development programs.

9. Recruitment, Socialization, and Retirement
   The HR process from recruitment to retirement, including employee socialization practices.

10. Contemporary Challenges, Issues, and HR Practices
    Examining modern HR challenges and best practices in the industry.

11. Human Resource Information System (HRIS)
    The role of technology in HR management through systems like HRIS.

Quality Management:

3. Total Quality Management (TQM) Techniques
   An introduction to TQM and techniques for ensuring quality in all aspects of business.

4. Quality Circle
   The importance of group-based decision-making to enhance quality.

5. Six Sigma
   A focus on Six Sigma methodologies for process improvement.

6. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
   Standards and certifications for maintaining quality.

7. Factors Affecting Quality
   External and internal factors that influence the overall quality of products and services.

8. Benchmarking and Quality Assurance Techniques
   Using benchmarking for setting quality standards and assurance processes.

Strategic Management:

4. Strategic Planning Framework
   Introduction to strategic planning, including setting long-term goals.

5. Environmental Scanning
   Techniques for scanning the business environment to assess opportunities and threats.

6. Strategy Implementation
   How to put strategic plans into action effectively.

7. Strategy Evaluation
   Methods for evaluating the success of a strategy and making adjustments.

8. SWOT Analysis
   A key tool for assessing a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Decision Making and Problem Solving:

5. Decision Making: Concept, Types, Processes, Issues, and Challenges
   A look at decision-making concepts, the types of decisions, and the challenges involved.

6. Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making
   How emotional intelligence influences decision-making and leadership.

7. Quantitative Tools for Decision Making
   Using numbers and data to support decision-making.

8. Techniques for Stimulating Creativity
   Methods for encouraging creative problem-solving in teams.

9. Intuition/Hunch Driven Decision vs. Data/Logic Driven Decision
   A comparison between intuition-based and data-driven decision-making processes.

   Section B: Banking (30 Marks):

   Banking

   • History, Development and Present Scenario of Banking System in Nepal

   • Achievements, Issues and Opportunities of Banking Industry in Nepal

   • Types and Classification of Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs)

   • Role and Functions of Central Bank and Commercial Banks

   • FinTech and Digital Banking: Types, Opportunities, Challenges and Risk

   • Financial Access, Digital/Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion

   • Alternative Delivery Channel (ADCs) in Banking: Concept, Types and Issues

   • Shadow Banking and its Impact to Economy

   • Bank Marketing: Concept, Banking Products and Services, Target Customer Segments and Strategic Marketing Approaches

   • Banking Crimes, Fraud and Prevention

   Modern Banking Services

   • Letter of Credit: Concept, Types, Process, Risk and Issues

   • Bank Guarantee: Concept, Types, Process, Risk and Issues

   • Treasury and Cash Management; Concept, Instruments, Associated Risk and Opportunities

   • Remittance: Concept and Economic Impact

   • e-Banking: Types and Importance

   • Any Branch Banking System (ABBS)

   • Mobile Banking, Internet Banking

   • Digital Wallet

   • Paperless Banking

   • ATM, Debit Card, Credit Card, Visa Card, Dollar Card, Prepaid Card

   • POS, QR based Payment

   • C-ASBA, DEMAT

   • e-Commerce

   Section C: Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL) – 20 Marks

   • Institutional framework and overview of Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. (ADBL)

   • Agricultural Development Bank Ltd.: Historical Development, Achievement, Vision, Mission, Objectives, Working Culture and Nature

   • ADBL: Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

   • Existing organizational structure of ADBL

   • Contribution, Role, Potentialities and Challenges of the ADBL in the Development of Nepal's Economic (Agriculture, Rural, and Banking) Sector

   • Current Status and Progress of ADBL

   • Core Banking System (CBS)

   • ADBL as an Agriculture-lead Bank: Agricultural Financing, Scope, Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

   • Institutional Linkage of ADBL (National and International)

Constitution and Laws

• The Constitution of Nepal

• Company Act, 2063

• Bank and Financial Institutions Act, 2073

• Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058

• Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064

• Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act, 2064 and Regulation 2073

• The Act on Recovery of Debts of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2058 and Regulation 2059

• Electronic Transactions Act, 2063

• ADBL Employee Bylaws, 2062

Second Paper:Core Computer Science Concepts (50 Marks)

Section (A):

1.Computer Networks

• Protocol stack, switching

• Link Layer: services, error detection and correction, multiple access protocols, LAN addressing and ARP, Ethernet, CSMA/CD, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Wireless LANs, PPP, Wide area protocols

• Network Layer: services, datagram and virtual circuits, routing principles and algorithms, IP, IP addressing, fragmentation and assembly, ICMP, routing (RIP, OSPF), router internals, IPv6

• Transport Layer: principles, multiplexing and demultiplexing, UDP, TCP, flow control, congestion control

• Application Layer: Web and Web caching, FTP, Email, DNS, socket programming

• Distributed system, Clusters, Network Security, Disaster Recovery, Data Storage Techniques (Clustering, NAS, SAN)

2.Structured and Object-Oriented Programming

• Data types, ADT

• Operators, variables and assignments, control structures, procedures/functions

• Class definitions, encapsulation, inheritance, object composition, polymorphism

• Pattern and framework

• Programming with C, C++, Java

3.Artificial Intelligence

• Search

• Natural Language Processing

• Game Playing

• Learning

• Automated reasoning

• Planning

• Vision and Robotics

4.Data Structures and Algorithms

• Abstract data types, algorithm analysis, Big-O and Theta notations

• Linear structures: Lists, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Priority Queue

• Trees: General and binary trees, traversals, BSTs, AVL, 2-3 trees, red-black trees, Splay Trees

• Algorithm techniques: Greedy, priority queue search, exhaustive search, divide and conquer, dynamic programming, backtracking, recursion

• Indexing: Hashing Trees, Suffix Trees

• Graph algorithms: DFS, BFS, shortest paths, MSTs, DAGs

• Searching, Merging, and Sorting

5.Computer Architecture and Organization and Micro-Processors

• Basic Structures: Sequential circuits, design procedure, state table, and state diagram, Von Neumann / Harvard architecture, RISC/CISC architecture

• Addressing Methods and Programs: Representation of data, arithmetic operations, bus structures, instruction cycle, and excitation cycle

• Processing Unit: Instruction formats, arithmetic and logical instructions

• Addressing Modes

• Input-Output Organization: I/O programming, memory-mapped I/O, basic interrupt system, DMA

• Memory Systems

• 808X and Intel microprocessors: Programming and interfacing

6.Digital Design

• Number Systems, Digital and Analog Systems

• Logic Elements

• Combinational Logic Circuits

• Sequential Logic

• Arithmetic Circuits

• MSI Logic Circuits

• Counters and Registers

• IC Logic Families

• Interfacing with Analog Devices

• Memory Devices

7.Software Engineering Principles (System Analysis and Design)

• Software Process: Software Process models, risk-driven approaches

• Software Project Management: Lifecycle relationships, project planning, control, risk management, cost models, configuration management, version control, quality assurance, metrics

• Software Requirements: Analysis, solicitation, tools, specifications, static and dynamic specifications, review

• Software Design: Design for reuse/change, notations, evaluation, validation, Software Architecture, DFD, Object Modeling, Use Case Diagram, State Diagram

• Implementation: Standards, modularity, data abstraction, unit testing, integration, regression testing, fault tolerance

• Maintenance: Planning for maintenance, understanding the nature of maintenance

• SE Issues: Formal methods, tools and environments, process maturity, ISO standards, SEI-CMM, CASE tools

8.Management Information System (MIS)

• Concept, Types, Objectives, and Implementation of MIS

• Components of MIS

• Role and Importance of MIS in the Banking Sector

• MIS and Decision-Making

• Emerging Trends in MIS

• Ethics, Security, and Privacy in MIS

Section (B): Databases, OS, Computation, Compilers, Graphics (50 Marks)

1. Database Management System and Database Design

• Introduction: The relational model, ER model, SQL, Functional dependency, and relational database design, File structure

• Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: Concurrent execution of the user programs, transactions, Concurrency control techniques

• Crash Recovery: Types of failure, Recovery techniques

• Query Processing and Optimization

• Indexing: Hash-based indexing, Tree-based indexing

• Distributed Database Systems and Object-oriented database system

• Data Mining and Data Warehousing

• Security Management System

• SQL and Embedded SQL: Writing Basic SQL SELECT Statements, Restricting and Sorting data, Single Row Functions, Displaying Data from Multiple Tables, Aggregation of Data Using Group Functions, Subqueries, Manipulating Data, and Creating & Managing Tables, Creating Views and Controlling User Access

• Database Design: Logical Design, Conceptual Design, Mapping Conceptual to Logical, Pragmatic issues, Physical Design, Integrity and Correctness, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus. Normalization: INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF, DKNF, Database Design with major RDBMS products: Oracle, Sybase, DB2, SQL Server

2. Operating System

• Processing and Threads: Symmetric Multiprocessing, Micro-kernels, Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization, Deadlock

• Scheduling

• Memory Management

• Input Output and Files: I/O devices and its organization, Principles of I/O software and hardware, Disks, Files and directories organization, File System Implementation

• Distributed Systems: Distributed Message passing, RPC, Client/Server Computing, Clusters

• Security: Authentication and Access Authorization, System Flaws and Attacks, Trusted System

• Common Operating Systems: MS-DOS, Windows Family of Products, Unix Family of Products, Linux Family of Products, Windows Networking, Windows Architecture, Linux Architecture, Troubleshooting Windows & Linux, Managing Network Printing, Managing Hard Disks and Partitions, Monitoring and Troubleshooting Windows, Users, Groups, and Permission on Linux and Windows

3. Theory of Computation

• BNF, Languages, Grammars

• DFA and NDFA, regular expressions, regular grammars

• Closure, homomorphism

• Pigeonhole principle, pumping lemma

• CFGs, Parsing and ambiguity, Pushdown automata, NPDAs & CFGs

• Pumping lemma

• Turing machines

• Recursively enumerable languages, unrestricted grammars

• The Chomsky hierarchy, Undecidable problems, Church's Thesis

• Complexity Theory, P and NP

4. Compiler Design

• The Structure of a Compiler

• Lexical Analyzer

• Top-down Parsing / Bottom-up Parsing

• Syntax Directed Translation

• Types and Type Checking

• Run-Time Storage Administration

• Intermediate Code Generation

• Data-Flow Analysis and Code Optimizations

• Architecture and Recent Developments in Compilers

5. Computer Graphics

• Graphics Concepts

• Input Devices and Techniques

• Basic Raster Graphics Algorithms and Primitives

• Scan Conversion

• Graphics Hardware

• 2D Geometrical Transformations and Viewing

• 3D Geometry and Viewing

• Hierarchical Modeling

• Projections

• Hidden Surface Removal

• Shading and Rendering

6. Principles of Electronics Communications

• Block Diagram of Analog/Digital Communication Systems

• Analog and Digital Modulation Techniques

• Fundamentals of Error Detection and Correction

• Performance Evaluation of Analog and Digital Communication Systems: SNR and BER

7. IT in Nepal and Emerging Technologies

• History of IT in Nepal

• ICT Policy, 2072

• NRB's Information Technology Policy & Guidelines 2012

• Simulation and Modeling

• Cryptography, Digital Signature

• Artificial Neural Networks and Computer Vision

• Speech Signal Processing

• Adaptive Web Technology

• E-commerce, e-Governance

• Multimedia, Image Processing

• GIS, Remote Sensing, GPS

The Second Phase Interview (Oral) typically evaluates your understanding, practical knowledge, and communication skills in the subject areas relevant to the position or program you are applying for. Here is a breakdown of how the 30 marks for an oral interview may be distributed:

General Breakdown:

• Understanding of Core Concepts (10 Marks)

  • Your ability to explain fundamental concepts clearly and accurately.

  • Knowledge depth in areas like databases, OS, computer networks, programming, and other key topics.

  • Example: Can you explain how a relational database is structured, or describe the differences between TCP and UDP?

• Practical Application (8 Marks)

  • Your ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems.

  • This might involve problem-solving, case studies, or practical examples.

  • Example: How would you handle data consistency in a distributed system, or explain the process of deadlock prevention in an operating system?

• Communication Skills (5 Marks)

  • Clarity of expression, articulation, and the ability to explain complex concepts in a simple manner.

  • Example: Explaining a complicated concept (like memory management or hashing) to someone with limited technical knowledge.

• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking (5 Marks)

  • Your ability to approach and solve technical problems or answer hypothetical questions logically.

  • Example: You might be asked to solve a small algorithm or code-related question during the interview.

• Behavioral and Professionalism (2 Marks)

  • How you present yourself, your attitude, and your readiness to learn.

  • Example: Your approach to teamwork, feedback, or challenges in a project.

Tips for Interview Preparation:

1. Review Key Concepts: Ensure you have a solid understanding of core topics like OS, databases, networking, algorithms, and other relevant areas for the role.

2. Think Aloud: When solving problems, explain your thought process clearly so the interviewer can follow your logic.

3. Stay Calm and Composed: It's okay to take a moment to think before answering questions. Showing that you're reflective and can calmly process information is a plus.

4. Be Prepared for Practical Questions: You may be asked to solve problems or explain how you'd approach real-world scenarios related to your field.